Comparison Guide

AIM vs OAuth 2.0 for AI Agents

OAuth 2.0 was designed for delegated human authorization. AIM was purpose-built for autonomous AI agent identity. Understand which approach fits your AI security requirements.

AIM

Agent Identity Management

Purpose-built identity for AI agents. Cryptographic Ed25519 keypairs, capability-based access control, continuous trust scoring, and MCP server attestation. Open source and self-hosted.

Agent-NativeCryptographic IdentityOpen Source

OAuth 2.0

Industry Standard Protocol

Delegated authorization framework designed for human users granting third-party app access. Bearer tokens, scopes, and redirect-based flows for web and mobile apps.

Human-CentricDelegated AccessBearer Tokens

Key Distinction: Delegated Authorization vs Agent Identity

OAuth 2.0 answers “which human granted this app permission?” AIM answers “which agent is this, what can it do, and should it be trusted right now?” OAuth tokens are bearer credentials—anyone holding the token has access. AIM binds identity cryptographically to each agent, enforces capabilities at runtime, and continuously evaluates trust based on behavior.

Why OAuth 2.0 Falls Short for AI Agents

No Agent Identity

OAuth identifies the human who granted access, not the agent using the token. Any process holding a bearer token is indistinguishable from any other.

Static Scopes

OAuth scopes are granted at authorization time and remain fixed. There is no mechanism to revoke or adjust capabilities based on real-time agent behavior.

No Behavioral Trust

OAuth has no concept of trust scoring. A compromised agent with a valid token has the same access as a legitimate one—there is no continuous risk evaluation.

No MCP Awareness

OAuth knows nothing about MCP servers, tool attestation, or AI supply chains. It cannot verify that the tools an agent connects to are authentic and untampered.

Human-Dependent Flows

OAuth requires user interaction (consent screens, redirects). Autonomous agents operating without a human in the loop cannot complete standard OAuth authorization flows.

Bearer Token Risk

OAuth bearer tokens grant access to whoever holds them. If leaked, there is no way to prove which agent used the token. AIM's cryptographic signatures are non-transferable.

Feature Comparison

FeatureAIMOAuth 2.0
Designed ForAutonomous AI agentsHuman-delegated app access
Identity Model Ed25519 cryptographic keypair per agentBearer tokens (no inherent identity)
Access Control Capability-based, runtime-enforcedScope-based, grant-time only
Trust Evaluation 8-factor continuous scoring None
Token Security Cryptographic proof of identityBearer tokens (theft = access)
Autonomous Operation No human in loop requiredRequires human consent flow
MCP Server Attestation Native support Not applicable
AI Framework Support LangChain, CrewAI, LangChain4j No AI-specific integrations
Audit Trail Cryptographic, per-agentToken usage logs (resource server dependent)
Non-Repudiation Ed25519 signed actions Bearer tokens are transferable
Licensing Apache-2.0 (open source)Open standard (implementations vary)
Setup Complexity One line: secure("my-agent")Auth server + client registration + flows

When to Choose Each Approach

Choose AIM if you...

  • Are deploying autonomous AI agents
  • Need cryptographic proof of agent identity
  • Want runtime capability enforcement
  • Require continuous behavioral trust scoring
  • Use MCP servers that need attestation
  • Need non-repudiable audit trails for agents
  • Want open source, self-hosted security

Choose OAuth 2.0 if you...

  • Need delegated authorization for human users
  • Building web or mobile apps with user login
  • Want third-party app integrations (social login)
  • Users need to grant scoped access to apps
  • Need standard SSO federation
  • Human is always present to authorize access
  • Working exclusively with human-facing APIs

Different Problems, Different Solutions

AIM gives each agent a unique cryptographic identity. OAuth gives apps a borrowed token from a human.

AIM: Agent Has Its Own Identity

from aim_sdk import secure

# Agent gets cryptographic identity
agent = secure(
  "research-agent",
  capabilities=[
    "database:read",
    "api:call"
  ]
)

# Identity is bound to THIS agent
# Capabilities enforced at runtime
# Trust scored continuously
# Actions are cryptographically signed

OAuth 2.0: App Borrows Human Access

// Human must authorize the app
const authUrl = `${issuer}/authorize?`
  + `client_id=${clientId}`
  + `&scope=read+write`
  + `&redirect_uri=${callback}`;

// Redirect user to consent screen
window.location = authUrl;

// Token identifies the HUMAN,
// not the agent or process.
// Anyone with the token has access.
// No behavioral trust evaluation.

AIM Uses OAuth Where It Makes Sense

AIM is not a replacement for OAuth—it builds on top of proven standards where appropriate:

  • SDK token management uses OAuth 2.0 refresh token rotation internally
  • JWT access tokens follow standard claims and RS256 signing
  • Human admin access to the AIM dashboard can use OAuth/OIDC providers
  • Agent identity adds Ed25519 cryptographic layer on top for non-repudiation

AIM extends OAuth with agent-specific primitives: cryptographic identity, capability enforcement, trust scoring, and MCP attestation—none of which exist in the OAuth specification.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use OAuth 2.0 to secure AI agents?

OAuth 2.0 can authenticate API access, but it does not provide agent identity, behavioral trust scoring, capability enforcement, or MCP attestation. For basic API access you can use OAuth tokens, but for production AI agent security you need purpose-built tooling like AIM that understands the unique challenges of autonomous non-human identities.

Does AIM replace OAuth 2.0?

No. AIM and OAuth solve different problems. OAuth handles human-delegated authorization— use it for user login, social sign-in, and SSO. AIM handles AI agent identity—use it for cryptographic agent verification, capability enforcement, and continuous trust evaluation. Many organizations use both: OAuth for human users, AIM for their AI agents.

What about OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials flow for machine-to-machine?

The Client Credentials grant provides a shared secret for server-to-server auth, but still lacks per-agent identity, behavioral trust, capability enforcement, and audit non-repudiation. It works for static service accounts but does not scale to dynamic, autonomous AI agent workloads where each agent needs its own verifiable identity and continuously evaluated permissions.

Is AIM open source?

Yes. AIM is fully open source under the Apache-2.0 license. You can self-host it, audit the code, and contribute. There are no licensing fees or per-agent costs.

Purpose-Built Identity for AI Agents

OAuth was designed for humans. AIM was designed for agents. Get cryptographic identity, capability enforcement, and continuous trust scoring for your AI workloads.

Apache-2.0 license • Self-hosted • Works alongside your existing OAuth infrastructure